Downfall of Female Body Image: Media’s Influence Essays -- Social Issu

Throughout the years, the connotative definition of saucer has gone through constant change. In todays world, young women are constantly under the impression that they have to fit the current definition in ensnare to fit in with society and be recognized by men. Many girls feel they need to fit the mold instead of being their true unique selves. Every single individual is disparate in their own way, however the media has drilled it into every young girls mind, that they have just like a Barbie doll in order to be happy. Furthermore, these same girls are resorting to extreme methods in order to feel like they fit in such as taking unhealthy pitch loss pills and developing eating disorders. Advertising has caused more harm than good in this particular situation by compelling girls to feel like they cannot be themselves. Even fashion trends have added to this downfall of womens individualism. Teenage girls feel the need to match the current fashion trend, no matter how expensi ve, just so they can feel the same as everybody else. As Andrew Delbanco explains in his work, The Real American Dream, consumer culture has the power to evacuate the self (105). This is exactly what is happening in todays world due to media influence. Young women are idolizing media images and trying to imitate them. This in turn is causing a ostracise effect on individualism. Young women should grow up wanting to be themselves as individuals. Girls should not mature with the mindset that they want to be just like the models in magazines and television set commercials. Kristin Noelle Weissman discusses the effects of the mass media in her book Barbie the icon, the image, the reportl. Weissman explains, Wood 2The mass media as a primary and ... ...y.Women all over the world are modify by the media. Even the slightest flash of a tall and skinny girl in a TV commercial can have an influence on a young girl that just wanted to watch cartoons. Starting as kids, icons suc h as Barbie engrain is a childs mind that beauty and being thin comes with popularity and happiness. But what happens when those goals of the medias Wood 10perfect image are just out of reach? This can cause negative effects on young women and has been for several years. Women everywhere are stuck on the idea that they have to look like Barbie or like the models and celebrities in magazines, sometimes resulting in detrimental methods such as eating disorders. These women eventually develop a loss of their individuality and are left unhappy and disappointed. The cookie-cutter idea is taking over society and the media is to blame.

A Comparison of Social Classes in America vs. 1984 :: Comparison Compare Contrast Essays

Social Classes in America vs. 1984 If you have ever read the book 1984 by George Orwell, consequently an interesting topic may have crossed your mind. The way the classes of people break d proclaim can be quite similar, and very different at times. In the United States, we have classes like the lower class, the working class, and the middle class. In 1984, there were such classes as the Proles, the Outer society, and the Inner Party. The way the classes are disquieted down in 1984 reminds me a little bit of my old history class. When I studied medieval times and the classes back then were broken down into the nobles, the bourgeois, and the serfs. It is really interesting to break down the separate classes and find their similar details and their different details. Obviously the differences are greater in anatomy and or so of them fairly extreme. But that is to be expected. In my opinion, the way Orwell wrote the book makes his world seem more like a dystopia than a ut opia. The only company that I have seen that I would even consider calling a utopia is Star Trek. I just cant see Oceania as being a completed vision of happiness. Everyone is constantly being watched, people arent allowed to have their own thoughts, their past history is entirely made up. I dont see how it could get much worse than that. Unless you are a member of the Inner Party. They can have their own thoughts and arent watched all the time. The lowest class in Oceania, the Proles, can also have their own thoughts. But Nobody cares what the proles say(Orwell, p11). So their thoughts never really get heard or paid any attention to at least. The Inner Party basically runs things and they only do what they want. They have no reason to listen to the proles. To more clearly describe the classes in 1984, I will describe some of the characteristics of the three parties. Each member of the Outer Party had a telescreen in their home that monitored every move they made. The telesc reen could not be turned off. They were forced to eroding an expression of quiet optimism when facing the telescreeen (Sheppard). The party members had to wear blue overalls and were given a limited number of coupons to trade for clothes, food, and other things such as that.

Legalizing Marijuana Will Decreased Crime Essay -- legalization of cann

Marijuana is the cause of much commotion and debating, as the question of legalization becomes more of an issue. Drugs be a major influential personnel office in countries all over the world today. Legalization is an option that has not had a chance, but really should be given one. Although many people tonicity that legalizing marijuana would increase the occur of drug use, legalization would benefit for the following reasons 1)reduction of currency spent on uprightness enforcement 2)increase in the countries revenue 3)lessen crime 4)useful in treating certain medical conditions.Many feel today we are loosing the war on drugs. People consider legalization unnecessary. They feel that it will increase the amount of drug use throughout the world. They state that in many cases, drug users who have quit quit because of trouble with the law. Legalization would eliminate the legal forces that reject the users from using or selling drugs. They also say that by making drugs legal, the people who have never tried drugs for fear of getting caught by the law will have no reason to be afraid anymore and will become users (Potter 1998).However, legalization will be profitable to global economies in two ways. It will allow for money spent on drug law enforcement to be spent more wisely and will increase revenue. at that place have been escalating apostrophizes spent on the war against drugs and countless dollars spent on rehabilitation. Every year in the United States, ten billion dollars are spent on enforcing drug laws alone. Drug violators accounted for about forty percent of all criminals in federal prisons (Rosenthal 1996). In 1989, a Republican county executive of Mercer County, N.J., estimated that it would cost approximately one billion dollars to build the jail space required to house all the drug users in Trenton alone (Roffman 1982). All of this money could be spent on things of greater importance. Not except has the drug problem increased, but the drug associate problems are on the rise. Drug jest at is a killer worldwide. Some are born addicts (crack babies), while others develop addictions later in life. Drug violators are a major cause of natural overcrowding in US prisons. In 1992, 59,000 inmates were added to make a record setting 833,600 inmates nationwide (Rosenthal 1996). A high percentage of these prisoners were serving time because of drug related incid... ... decided that it is a valid and necessary solution to our countries drug problem. By implementing such a program the American population can use its money and resources to combat the problem through the legal system. Legalization will decrease violent crime associated with drug dealers, it will decrease the number of users and will subvert the wasteful cost which is connected with the current system. Such legalization will not destroy our youth in any way and will only be accessible to adults in the country. If we continue with our current system we will never solve the problem. Drug dealers and addicts will crown our prisons and plague our streets.Bibliography1)Friedman, Milton. Prohibition and Drugs. Newsweek. 19722)Potter, Beverly The ameliorate Magic of Cannabis Ronin Publishings, Inc. CA 19983)Randell, Robert C The Patients Fight for Medicinal Pot Thunders Mouth Press, NY 19984)Roffman, Roger A Marijuana as Medicine Madrona Publishers, Inc., WA 19825) Rosenthal, Ed Why Marijuana Should be Legal Thunders Mouth Press, NY 1996

Coca-Cola Case Study :: Business Management Marketing

Coca-Cola Case Study1. SWOT ANALYSIS Strengths Coca-Cola has been an intricate part of American husbandry for over a century. The products image is laden with sentimentality, and this is an image many tidy sum have taken deeply to heart. The Coca-Cola image is displayed on T-shirts, hats, and collectible memorabilia. This extremely recognizable branding is one of Coca-Colas greatest strengths. Enjoyed more than 685 million times a day around the world Coca-Cola stands as a simple, yet powerful symbol of quality and enjoyment (Allen, 1995).Additionally, according to Bettman, et. al, (1998) Coca-Colas bottling system is one of their greatest strengths. It allows them to conduct avocation on a world-wide scale while at the same time maintain a local approach. The bottling companies are locally owned and operated by independent business people who are authorized to sell products of the Coca-Cola Company. Because Coke does not have outright ownership of its bottling network, its main source of revenue is the sale of concentrate to its bottlers (Bettman, et. al, 1998).Weaknesses Although domestic business as well as many international markets are thriving (volumes in Latin America were up 12%), Coca-Cola has recently reported whatever declines in unit case volumes in Indonesia and Thailand due to reduced consumer purchasing power. According to an article in Fortune magazine, In Japan, unit case gross revenue fell 3% in the second quarter of 1998...scary because while Japan generates around 5% of worldwide volume, it contri exclusivelyes three times as much to profits. Latin America, Southeast Asia, and Japan account for about 35% of Cokes volume and none of these markets are performing to expectation (Mclean, 1998).Opportunities Brand recognition is the significant factor poignant Cokes competitive position. Coca-Colas brand name is known well throughout 90% of the world today. The primary concern over the previous(prenominal) few years has been to get this n ame brand to be even better known. Packaging changes have also affected sales and industry positioning, but in general, the public has tended not to be affected by new products (Allen, 1995).Coca-Colas bottling system also allows the company to take advantage of infinite harvest-home opportunities around the world. This strategy gives Coke the opportunity to service a large geographic, diverse, area (Bettman, et. al, 1998).Threats Currently, the threat of new viable competitors in the carbonated soft whoop it up industry is not very substantial. The threat of substitutes, however, is a very real threat. The soft drink industry is very strong, but consumers are not needs married to it.

Growing Up Gay :: Personal Narrative Writing

Growing Up GayWhen I think back of my early childhood, I can remember moving with my parents and little babe to a city in southern Sweden called Trans. I started in a new school, and I was fascinated, in a rather special way, by a particular boy in my class. composition my thoughts at that time were not particularly sexual (I was nine at the time), I often thought more or less whether or not I thought this boy beautiful. I had problems settling the issue in my mind, but nevertheless, I looked at him ever so often, and I felt pleasure while doing so. As time went on, as I entered puberty, I began to take a more active, albeit still very discrete, interest in other boys. While in the locker room after physical education, I detected that I was sexually attracted to several of the other boys, and I as well as saw many boys walking around the school corridors who caught my attention. Sometimes I looked them up in the schools photo catalog to see what their names were, and in my liber ate time, I often dreamt about organism physically close to them. But during this period of adolescence, I never really thought about what I was. wholly the things that took place in the emotional-sexual realm were, admittedly, real and concrete to me I experienced real feelings for other boys (love, infatuation, sexual attraction). But at the same time, on an rational level, I never confronted these feelings, and so I continued having them without worrying about them or trying to transform them in any way. They just were, and that was fine with me. While some opponents of homosexuality often claim that it is unnatural (a claim which is thoroughly refuted in the essay Homosexuality and the Unnaturalness Argument), for me, my homosexual feelings were very natural indeed. When I was 16, I became a Christian, which complicated matters quite a bit. After a conversion in the summer of 1984, during which I confessed Jesus Christ as my lord and savior, I joined the Pentecostal Church by being baptized on December 9. While I felt great satisfaction about being a part of the Christian church, I gradually encountered attitudes among fellow Christians and in the Bible which were rather hostile towards homosexuality in any form. I pick out that negative attitude, and I became quite a vocal homophobe.

Growing Up Gay :: Personal Narrative Writing

Growing Up GayWhen I think underpin of my early childhood, I can remember moving with my parents and little sister to a city in southern Sweden called Trans. I started in a naked school, and I was fascinated, in a rather special way, by a particular boy in my class. While my thoughts at that time were not specially sexual (I was nine at the time), I often thought about whether or not I thought this boy beautiful. I had problems settling the hold out in my mind, but nevertheless, I looked at him ever so often, and I felt pleasure while doing so. As time went on, as I entered puberty, I began to take a more active, albeit still very discrete, interest in other boys. While in the locker room after physical education, I detected that I was sexually attracted to several of the other boys, and I also saw many boys walking around the school corridors who caught my attention. Sometimes I looked them up in the schools photo catalog to see what their names were, and in my free time, I ofte n dreamt about being physically close to them. But during this occlusive of adolescence, I never touchablely thought about what I was. All the things that took place in the emotional-sexual realm were, admittedly, real and concrete to me I experienced real feelings for other boys (love, infatuation, sexual attraction). But at the same time, on an intellectual level, I never confronted these feelings, and so I continued having them without worrying about them or trying to transform them in any way. They just were, and that was fine with me. While some opponents of homosexuality often claim that it is unnatural (a claim which is thoroughly refuted in the essay Homosexuality and the Unnaturalness Argument), for me, my homosexual feelings were very natural indeed. When I was 16, I became a Christian, which complicated matters quite a bit. After a conversion in the summer of 1984, during which I confessed Jesus Christ as my lord and savior, I joined the Pentecostal Church by being bapt ized on celestial latitude 9. While I felt great satisfaction about being a part of the Christian church, I gradually encountered attitudes among fellow Christians and in the playscript which were rather hostile towards homosexuality in any form. I adopted that negative attitude, and I became quite a vocal homophobe.

Vergil as the Greatest of all Latin Poets

Vergil is generally acknowledged as the greatest of all Latin poets. He was celebrated in his own lifetime and was the first poet in the history of Latin literature to be the subject of lectures given by a contemporary teacher. there seemed to be a great deal of interest in him and on his rare appearances in capital of Italy he was pointed out in the streets as if he were a celebrity. However, in his private life he was know to be very shy and preferred the quiet countryside to the pandemonium of Rome. He was born as Publius Vergilius Maro in Andes, a small village, near Mantua (Mantova), Italy on October 15, 70 BC.He had two brothers Silo, who died in his minorhood, and Flaccus, who lived to be a young man. Vergils father, a potter and kine farmer, worked hard to provide his son with an Aristocratic education. After he completed his studies in Cremona and Milan, Vergil went to Rome to study law and rhetoric at Epidius academy. It was in Rome that he met Gaius Maecenas, a Roman s tatesman and patron of the arts, who saw Vergils promise of greatness and sponsored his education. In addition he developed a friendship with Octavian, who later(prenominal) became Emperor Augustus.While in Rome, he studied alongside many prominent poets including Gaius Cornelius Gallus, Horace, and Lucius Varius Rufus. After leaving Rome, Vergil went to Naples to study under Siro. Here, he studied school of thought and also became a member of a group of Epicurean thinkers outside Naples. This group gathered in Campania, at a retreat known as the Garden, under the leadership of Siro, Vergils teacher and friend. Originally, Vergil wanted to study law but he gave up after pleading only one romance case and devoted himself to philosophy and literature.He spent most of his life in the countryside of Campania, but kept a house on the Esquiline Hill in Rome, which was given to him by his friend and patron Maecenas. He wrote three major works in his lifetime. Early in his career he wrot e the Ecologues, a have got of 10 pastoral numberss. This was followed by the Georgics, a didactic poem on farm life. His locomote and greatest work was the Aeneid, a mythological epic poem describing the seven-year wanderings of the hero Aeneas. Vergils first major work was composed between 42 and 37 BC.This was a ten book pastoral poem know as the Eclogues or Bucolic. It was modeled on the Idylls of Theocritus, an Alexandrian poet. Vergils emphasis is on graceful rhymes and the description of a romantic setting in northern Italy, but he also added many realistic details such as, his fathers eviction from his farm due to political seizure. The most famous of The Ecolouges, The fourth celebrates the birth of a child who is destined to usher in a new Golden Age of peace and goodwill. Critics have made definite connections between Vergils fictional characters and real people. almost have suggested that the divine birth refers to Mark Anthony, or possibly Vergils friend Octavian, wh o became Augustus, Romes first emperor. Still others see this divine birth as a pen to the birth of Christ. His next major work was the Georgics, or Art of Husbandry, which was written from 36 to 29 BC. It is a four-book poem that described the life of a farmer. Its ingestion is said to come from the Greek poet Hesiods Works and Days. Vergils position as the leading poet of the age was confirmed with the Georgics publication. The poem deals with planting, caring for orchards and vineyards, stock management, and beekeeping.However, the main emphasis is on the values of Roman life, especially the work ethic. The poem was designed to be universal in scope with the topics of war, peace, death and resurrection concluding each book. Vergil devoted his last ten years to the composition of the Aeneid. This is his last and, by far, best known work. It was written between the years of 30 to 19 BC in 12 books. Modeled after Homers epics, the Iliad and the Odessey, the Aeneid is a mythologic al epic describing the seven-year wanderings of the Roman hero Aeneas, from the fall of Troy to his military victory in Italy.Aeneas, while central to the story, is more than symbolic than realistic. His character exists to tell the story of the founding of Rome and to personify the Roman values of duty and responsibility. In the story, Aeneas escaped from Troy carrying his father on his shoulders and leading his young son Ascanius by the hand. He brought together a fleet of Trojans and sailed the eastern Mediterranean Sea to Thrace, Crete, Epirus, and Sicily before being shipwrecked on the soaring of Africa. Here Dido, the queen of Carthage, fell in love with Aeneas.The two began to live together as husband and wife and Aeneas intended to make Carthage his home. Jupiter, king of the gods, warned Aeneas that he must leave Dido in order to continue on his destined mission to found Rome. In despair, Dido killed herself when Aeneas departed for Italy. After landing at the gumshield of the Tiber River in Italy, Aeneas killed Turnus, the king of the Rutulians, in a war for the hand of Lavinia, who was the princess of Latium. According to Vergil, the Romans were direct descendents of Ascanius, the founder of Alba Longa, the mother city of Rome.The Aeneid is usually considered the first great literary epic, unlike the Iliad, which in essence is a work of oral poetry. The Aeneid was written as a deliberate attempt to glorify Rome at the postulate of Augustus Ceasar. The historical elements are especially prominent in books five through eight, the central portion of the poem. The Aeneid became a classic in its own day. All of Rome, particularly the royal family, followed the progress of the epic. Vergil would read aloud from rough drafts of the Aeneid to Augustus, his sister, Octavia, and Maecenas.As he refined his work during his later years, the poet led a comfortable life, devoting himself to historical research. In 19 BC, Vergil set out on a trip to Greece and Asia with the intention of revising his masterpiece. In Athens, he met Augustus and unfortunately became very ill during his stay in Greece. Augustus escorted his friend back to Brundisium, Italy, where he died before his epic could be revised to his satisfaction. To prevent the Aeneid from being read in rough form, Vergil left instructions that it be destroyed.Augustus, realizing the value of this work, intervened before this request could be carried out and assigned two of Vergils poet friends, Varius Rufus and Plotius Tucca, to edit the manuscript for publication. The work was completed near the end of 18 BC. It achieved warm acceptance throughout the Mediterranean as the definitive Roman epic. On his deathbed, Vergil immortalized himself with a short epitaph, which his friends inscribed above his grave. It ends with this line I sang of pastures, farms and rulers. This became a touching summary of his three great works.

Organisational Culture Change in British Airways

It is also one of the worlds longest established air ducts British Air manners disposes of a well-established International reputation, it is therefore pertinent to analyses the companys process to ethnical miscellanys. Similarly to other airlines companies. It has suffered from the contemporary economical recession and had to face the crisis. In regularise to respond to the latter, the company used organizational market-gardening change. Furthermore, it is important to fount at the concept of organizational culture in raise to acquire a better understanding of the situation.According to Jacques (1952) The culture of the factory is its customary and traditional way of hinging and doing things, which is sh atomic number 18d to a greater or lesser degree by all Its members, and which refreshful members must learn, and at least partially accept, In order to be accepted Into service In the firm. Culture In this sense covers a wide range of behavior In other words, the concept o f ethnic organization possesses a strong historical background.Jacques (1952) comp ares it to an educational process, which indoctrinates all the members of a company. Standardizing these third parties behavior and way of thinking. Terms of reference To analyses the type of culture active within British Airways * To examine the reputation of culture within British Airways * To determine if there is or non a necessity for cultural change within British Airways * To assist British Airways in their transitions from one culture to a nonher if a culture change is required.Literature survey I en alma AT tans research report Is to analyses Brattles Airways process AT cultural perpetuation and to determine British Airways pauperizations to change its culture. Several theories have been developed in order to explain the cultural procedure. The perpetuation of the culture According to Andrew cook (1998, p. 55) there a 3 dotcoachs to the transition of the culture in an organization Pred ilection This phase takes place earlier the company hires the being. The party effectuates research round the company.Following the researches they choose (or not) to apply to become part of the organization. * Solicitation During this stage, crude recruits learn more about the culture of the organization, the beliefs, the norms, the values, * Solicitation is a vague procedure that leads to incorporation or a rejection of the recruit. * Incorporation/resection This phase is conclusive the recruit is either inserted or excluded from the enterprise. callable to its 90 years of history, British airways dispose of a complex solicitation reoccurred that elaborates the adaptation of the new recruits.The occurrence of culture change Greet Hefted and Cert. Jan Hefted (2005, p. 312) stated that before concluding if there is or not an obligation for culture change, it is important to take into consideration the advantages and disadvantages of the present culture, to define if the present culture can be long-lasting If the leaders want to establish a new culture and if it is possible to install a new culture in the organization. It is also immanent to estimate reliably the costs that a new culture would generate as well as the benefits it leave provide to the company, etc.These questions must inevitably be answered to intend to change the culture. According to Scheme (2003, p. 294) the mechanism of change depends on the stage of the organizations development. There are 2 central procedures of development * General ontogenesis general evolution implies a development of the entire company in general. * Specific Evolution Specific evolution concerns the development of defined sectors of the company. Success in organizational culture transition Brown (1998, p. 46) explains that a culture transition is considered successful if it solves the dilemmas generated by the crisis the organization is facing. In the other case, if the new culture does not engender honorable res ults, it will lead to a rejection of the recent culture. Culture and leadership Scheme (2003, p. 291) stated that in organizations, leaders create culture. Scheme also mare Tanat ten culture proceeds Trot tenure sources D Ana values AT the creator of the company II. The experience of the employees Ill. The new beliefs and values of the new employees and leaders On the word of Capon (2000, p. 24) the culture of an organization is the result of a blend of several external cultures brought by each employee, which makes every organizational culture unique. Scheme and Capon consider that the organizational culture is internal and external . According to Needle (1988, p. 77) the leaders role in the cultural transition is indispensable. The leader guides the firm and the employees by means of the crisis, the changing processes, etc. Hefted & Jan Hefted (2005, p. 311) developed Professor Bernhard whites theory.The professor stated that successful organizational culture transition is the r esult of a coalition between the monochromatic (the leader) and the facilitator (the expert). Culture change at British Airways British airways previous culture transition (in 1987) was based on Linens Unfreezing, change, and refreezing theory as Brown (1998 p. 140) explains Unfreezing The unfreezing process is the stage during which the company realizes that there is a need for change. It is a stage of preparation. * Change stage during which the changes occur.This stage is uncertain, the company is not aware of the consequences these changes can generate in the future. * Refreezing Stage of stabilization, the organization focuses on maintaining stability. The changes become part of the culture. Methodology This report is based on several sources of information Notably, British Airways official website www. Brainwashes. Co. UK. The website is formal, and contains accurate information. Although, its mental object cannot be considered as objective due to the fact that it has been c reated by the company.Thus, intends that the information displayed are the ones British Airways chose to diffuse. The B. A annual report also disposes of information moreover there is still a possible subjectivity on the reports data. Southampton Solvent Library database contains many articles and studies on BAA . Multiple newspapers such as The guardian and The Daily Mail dispose of numerous articles on the topic. Culture Change The information about culture change were found in the multiple books named in the Reference section.Results Linens Unfreezing- Change- Refreezing Theory Kurt Lenin considered that organizational change occurs through 3 phases 1 1 en entrepreneur Awareness appears,ten leaders take conscience AT ten excellent problem. There are two categories of unfreezing rites The rites of questioning and destruction 0 which requires to present evidences that employees or system do not function appropriately. This rites sometimes demands the intervention of external consu ltant due to the fact that their opinion about the individuals or the company will be more objective.The rites of rationalization and legitimating 0 the individuals relate by the changes must explain why they are essential to the company. Training and education programs are vital to the Unfreezing process. 2. The change Is the stage where change appears. There are two types in this phase The rites of degradation and conflict 0 during these rites, the staff unable or unwilling to recognize and approve the need for change will be replaced by more cooperative force out. The rites of passage and enhancement 0 these rites are employed to confront the opposition to change.Several methods such as promotions, training programs and new Job titles are applied. The innovations become more understandable to the employees, during this period of transition. 3. The refreezing Is the final stage of Linens theory. The employees attempt to dissolve instability, they are now accustomed to the change s, there is no requirement for external consultancies, The refreezing phase contains only one type of rites, The rites of integration and conflict reduction these rites create conformity in the organization, minimize the misunderstandings between the personnel and the departments.Also these rites stabilize the changing process. To illustrate Linens theory, an analysis of British Airways previous cultural change is going to be examined. Linens theory applied within British Airways, Brown (1998, p. 144) In the 1980, under the Thatchers government, British Airways metamorphosed from a governmental possession too private ownership. According to various external opinions, this conversion required a cultural change. The cultural change materialized through Linens Unfreezing-change-Refreezing theory.Unfreezing awhile the unfreezing process, three major stages were defined. First of all, the decrease of the number of response, 22 000 employees were dismissed. Second of all, new leaders were selected, Loran Klan as camera operator Ana Colon Marshall as c o Humanly, ten training program Putting people first was specially created for the personnel in target contact with the costumers to ameliorate the quality of their service. Change DOT assist this phase, many training programs as Managing People First and Leading The Service business were utilized in British Airways special training centre.Personal feedbacks were available to each employee, in order to improve their performances. Defective systems were withdrawn. Refreezing 0 This stage consists in fixing the changes. The changes are part of the culture, new uniforms are utilized, airplanes are ameliorated. To conclude, this transition was successful but it has not been effortless. During the early stage, several employees were not convinced by the changes. Professor Bernhard Whites theory This theory states that the leader and the expert have the capacity to make a transition successful if they cooperate.Discussion The results show that British Airways have a constant need to modify the culture due to the fact that the organization is continually confronting a crisis or a major tutorial change. In effect, British Airways was first a government property, in 1987, the government decided to privative British Airways. The company was then obliged to change its culture in order to facilitate the ownership transition. outside(a) advisers were required, new leaders were designated personnel programs to train employees were created, the workforce was decreased to minimize the expenses of the company.Economical crisis The economic recession originated in the United States of America has also reached Europe and has corrupted several European countries and companies. British Airways was certainly no exception. British Airways as well as many other British enterprises have been severely change by the financial crisis. The company lost an important amount capital and had to dismiss several employees. W illie Walsh, British Airways chief executive, stated The airline industry is tolerate the toughest times in its history and we expect more pain before things improve.We are taking the right short-term action to survive the downturn. We will not let this crisis compromise our long-term goal-to create a world-leading global premium airline with a reputation for being the very best at impact its customers needs. (British Airways 2008/2009 annual report and accounts) The company is aware of the difficulty they are confronted to. British Airways exposes volition to overcome these difficulties. The company demonstrates an optimistic blew. Brattles Already NAS developed awareness towards the reverse the financial crisis has generated.By admitting their issues, British Airways has crossed the first step of the Linens theory. From that moment the company will have to make an important decision that will have a significant influence on its future and on its employees. The enterprise will have to decide whether or not there is a need to emasculate its organizational culture. Environmental crisis British airways as well as many other airlines companies had to face the environmental crisis due to the consciousness raising about the clime change.In effect, human beings are aware that they are maltreating the planet, they have expressed they volition to minimize gas emissions. Knowing that the airline industry is by far the some pollutant, numerous of clients and potential clients minimized their travels by plane. To face this type of crisis, British airways will have to invest funds in the research of new technologies in order to later replace fuel by environmental friendly combustible. In April 2010, British airways as well as every other airline company had to face a major environmental issue.

Features of a moral panic AS sociology

One feature of a moral panic Is stigmatisation. This means that Individuals Involved in that particular moral panic are labelled. For example, Mods and rockers didnt often fight however, after a small conflict at a seaside fixture many people believed that the mods and the rockers were in a consistent conflict and In turn many media sources began using words such as antisocial and hazardous in relation to any youth belonging to this particular subculture.https//donemyessay.com/sociology-exam-3-chapters-6-8/Labelling these groups as the ca phthisis of the roblem (the fghts) can therefore lead to self-fulfilling prophecy which causes more Mods and Rockers to believe that they should (and are expected to) act in a violent way towards each other, this makes the problem significantly more apparent In society. another(prenominal) feature of a moral panic is the media amplification of a problem. For example, after Acid House gained a reputation for hosting large parties that were ecstas y fuelled. Many media sources hyperbolize the extent to which there was a discrepancy of morality.After a death related to the use of ecstasy many newspapers began to publish news which was anti-acid house despite the concomitant that the death was not actually related to an overdose of the drug but instead the extent to which the girl had drunk water during the party she had been at. This therefore shows that the media use a small issue in order to sell papers they exaggerate the primary issue and even -allegedly- during the Mods and Rockers fights, even encouraged the violent behaviour that had rarely been seen beforehand. ton

Peter Kolchin, American Slavery

For the past quarter century Edmund S. Morgan has been one of the most prolific and respected authors of early American history. This is an excellent, in depth survey of Virginia?s colonial experience, with an emphasis on how the seemingly contradictory institutions of slavery and equalitarian republicanism developed simultaneously.Indeed, Morgan argues that Virginians? definition of freedom, and their very ability to establish a republican policy-making system, rested upon the creation of African slavery. Morgan shows that institutionalized slavery did not necessarily have to become part of British colonization the earliest Englishmen to dream of a colonial empire hoped for the establishment of a utopian community in which natives could benefit from enlightened English governance that recognized the inherent rights of all men. proterozoic English explorers even helped to organize revolts against the Spanish by their slaves in Latin America, and while they were motivated by their ow n interests in doing so, they clearly were willing to incubate their slave co-conspirators as equals. However, the utopian phase of colonization died with the failed settlement at Roanoke in the 1580s. The founders of Jamestown quickly learned racism towards the Indians, whom Morgan speculates they goaded into warfare out of frustration at their own inability to support themselves.The settlement eventually became prosperous as the colonists learned to produce tobacco for market, but it was hardly the ideal companionship envisioned by the founders. Labor shortages were endemic, as to make a profit planters take to control a large number of indentured servants. Unfortunately (for the planters), laborers needed only to serve for a limited period before setting up business for themselves, and thus creating competition for the planters.To check this competition, planters made it difficult for freedmen to procure lands of their own (land was plentiful, but acreage with access to shipp ing had been almost totally monopolized by the large planters), which resulted in freedmen foregoing planting, and becoming lazy, shiftless, and at times rebellious. Moreover, planters tough their indentured servants so poorly that as news of their condition drifted back to England, fewer of the mother country?s poor were willing to indenture themselves, especially as the burdens of overpopulation were being reduced at home.

Charities Oxfam Essay

Charities Oxfam A Charity is a foundation created to promote the public good. It doesnt keep open profit, but to expand. It relies on money given from the public voluntarily, it is a non-profit organisation. A charity is all about fundraising and giving to causes, it is a type of business because it does coiffure profit, which is given to charitable causes. Many companies/ large number set up charities because they may want to promote and encourage a cause that may need money. The people behind the organisation may only set up the charity, investing it towards its continuity but not to gain profit. Different stakeholders who can influence the innovation of Oxfam. The people who donate to the charity Oxfam ar major stakeholders as Oxfam would not be able to be a successful charity without the donations as they are the key to the money that is raised. Donators are major stakeholders as theyre also the largest investors to charities like Oxfam and influence it greatly. Without this support network work would be limited, goods would not be sold from Oxfam shops and business would be lost.Employees are stakeholders within the company as the business provides them with a livelihood or, if the organisation is a non-profit organisation, then this provides a disposition of generosity for those who work for free. They seek security of employment, promotion, opportunities and good rates of reward. shareholdersit is not easy to balancenthe needs of stakeholders in order to best achieve this balnce shell recognises pentad areas of resposiblities to shareholsers, customers, employers and society. Shell resolves and minimises conflicts between its activities and its stake holders trough its clear strategies and commitment to corporate values. through balancing social, economic and evironmental considerations shell seeks to make decisions that maximise values.

The Carl Roger Concept

PP 8203 Practicum III Fall 2007 INSTRUCTOR Marjorie Witty address (312) 777-7702 EMAIL emailprotected edu FAX ALT PHONE (773) 327-1046 REQUIRED TEXTS Title Client-centered therapy Its current practice, implications and opening Author(s) Rogers, Carl R. Copyright 1951/ 2003 Publisher Houghton Mifflin/ Constable & Robinson, Ltd. ISBN 1841198404 Edition Title Embracing nondirectivity Author(s) Levitt, B. (Ed. ) Copyright 2005 Publisher Ross-on-Wye, UK PCCS Books www. pccs-books. co. k ISBN 898059683 Edition 2005 This passage Requires the Purchase of a Course Packet YES NO RECOMMENDED READINGS Title Person-centered therapy A revolutionary paradigm Author(s) Bozarth, J.D. Copyright Publisher Ross-on-Wye, UK PCCS Books www. pccs-books. co. uk ISBN 1898059225 Edition 1998 Title The tribes of the person-centred nation An knowledgeableness to the schools of therapy related to the person-centered approach. Author(s) Sanders, P. (Ed. ), Copyright P ublisher Ross-on-Wye, UK PCCS Books www. pccs-books. co. k ISBN 1898059608 Edition Argosy University Illinois School of Professional Psychology Doctoral Practicum III PP 8203 Fall 2007 Syllabus instructor Marjorie Witty, Ph. D. Phone (312) 777-7702 email emailprotected eduOffice 1325 Office hours Tuesday 100 300 Thursday 1000 1200 Class meetings Mondays, 330 445 need readings Levitt, B. E. (2005). Embracing Nondirectivity. Ross on Rye, UK PCCS Books. ISBN 1 898059 68 3. Available from www. pccs-books. co. uk (On reserve) (EN) Rogers, Carl R. (1951) Client-centered therapy Its current practice, implications and scheme. Boston Houghton Mifflin. rawer edition Constable & Robinson, Ltd. (2003). ISBN 1841198404. (On reserve) Wampold, B. E. (2001) The great mental hygiene debate Models, methods, and findings.Mahwah, NJ Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Articles as charge get out be forwarded to you by means of e-mail. This by nature does not require the purchase of a course packet. (O) in the syllabus denotes available online or through e-mail, EN refers to Levitt text. CRR refers to Kirschenbaum & Hendersons The Carl Rogers Reader available in Library. Recommended Books (see attached bibliography at end of syllabus. Learning Objectives 1. Achievement of competence in empathic following response process, as assessed by performance in tape-recorded therapy sittings. 2.Expanding self-awareness of personal reactions and feelings during the therapy sessions measured by class discussion and students self-reports in the comments submitted with each of their therapy tapes. 3. Mastery of basic guess of customer-centered therapy (or other orientation) through completion of all assigned readings assessed by students transcript commentaries, participation in discussion. 4. Increased ability to evaluate ones own work as a novice therapist, assessed by final self-evaluation and submission of CEC in Spring 2008. Required AssignmentsEach term you will be required to present your taped session with a guest from your site. Bring an audible tape. Inaudible or hard-to-hear tapes are not acceptable. Check your tape before presenting Provide a transcript of 20 minutes of the session (any 20 minute segment is fine, but cue up your tape to coincide with the transcript before class. Bring a case conceptualization of 2 3 pages. Format will be covered in class. Be sure to attain a good tape recorder from the library or bring your own on the day you are assigned to present. Schedule of presentations will be determined on the first day of class.Grading and evaluation form _or_ system of government Therapy practicum seminars are graded credit/no credit. In order to succeeder largey complete your practicum, you must receive credit from your site supervisor, from your seminar instructor and pass your clinical Evaluation Competency (CEC) in Spring 08. The main method of evaluation will be the comments you and I make about your tape designations and my opinion of success in implementing the necessary and equal attitudinal conditions set forth by Carl Rogers. If you are having problems with the assignments, please see me to discuss the difficulty. Attendance at all classes is required.Course Outline, Readings, and Assignments September 10 Introduction to Seminar. Assignments for tape presentations. Required readings for September 10th to be read before the first class Rogers, C. R. (1951) The attitude and orientation of the counselor. Chapter 2 of Client-centered therapy. (On reserve) Rogers, C. R. (1957). The necessary and sufficient conditions of remedy personality change. (CRR, pp. 219-235). September 17 Tape Presentation 1 Defining practice goals of therapy. Evaluating progress. Required readings Brodley, B. T. Client-centered therapy An expressive therapy. (O) Brodley, B.T. Empathic understanding Observations of a CC practice (O) Brodley, B. T. Instructions for the clinical interview. (O) (http//adpca. org/articles. html) S eptember 24 Discussion Ethics Confidentiality and its limits taping/transcribing and disposition of records. Therapeutic boundaries. Required reading Brodley, B. T. Ethics in psychotherapy. (handout) October 1 Tape Presentation 2 October 8 Discussion Empathy, unconditional positive regard Required readings Witty, M. , Raskin, N. J. , Rogers, C. R.. (in press). Client-Centered Therapy. In Corsini & Wedding (Eds. ), Current Psychotherapies.Excerpt of session by Brodley w/ commentary by Witty (O) October 15 Tape Presentation 3 October 22 Discussion Congruence A frequently misunderstood condition Required readings Brodley, B. T. (1998/2001). Congruence and its relation to communication in client-centered therapy. The Person-Centered Journal, 5(2), 83-116. (In the library) October 29 Tape Presentation 4 November 5 Multiculturalism & Diversity Issues Required readings Glauser & Bozarth, J. D. (2001). Person-centered counseling The culture deep down. Journal of counsellor & Development, 07489633, Spring2001, Vol. 79, Issue 2 Database Academic Search EliteMier, S. & Witty, M. Considerations of race and culture in the practice of non-directive client-centered therapy. In Carl Rogers Counsels a Black Client. (O) (on reserve) Knopf, N. workings with gay couples. Witty, M. (2005). Nondirectiveness and the problem of influence. (EN) November 12 Tape Presentation 5 November 19 Chronic Mental Illness and the significantly impaired Required readings Sommerbeck, L. (2005). Nondirective therapy with clients diagnosed with a mental illness. (EN) Wilders, S. (2005) An exploration of nondirective work with do drugs and alcohol users. (EN) Recommended Prouty, G. 1994) Theoretical evolutions in person-centered/experiential therapy Applications to schizophrenic and retarded psychoses. westwardport, CN Praeger. (On reserve) Prouty, G. , Van Werde, D. & Portner, M. (2002). Pre-therapy Reaching contact-impaired clients. Ross on Wye, UK PCCS Books. (On reserve) Shlien, J. M. (1961/20 03). A client-centered approach to schizophrenia First approximation. In A. Burton (Ed. ), The psychotherapeutics of the Psychoses (pp. 285- 317). New York Basic Books. Also in To Lead an Honorable Life Invitations to think about Client-Centered Therapy and the Person-Centered Approach. Edited by P. Sanders.Ross-on-Wye PCCS Books. (On reserve) November 26 Tape Presentation 6 December 3 How clients make therapy work. Required readings Brodley, B. T. (in press). Non-directivity in client-centered therapy. (O) Bohart, A. C. Chapters from How Clients Make Therapy Work. Recommended Bohart, A. C. & Tallman, K. (1999) How clients make therapy work. Washington, D. C. APA. December 10 CCT case conceptualization and prep for CEC. Required reading Rogers, C. R. (1961) Ellen Westand Loneliness. (in CRR, pp. 157-168) Shlien, buttocks M. (1987/2003) A Countertheory of Transference. Person-Centered Review, 2 (1), 15-49. Reprinted in Shlien, J.M. (2003). To Lead an Honorable Life Invitations to think about Client-Centered Therapy and the Person-Centered Approach. Edited by P. Sanders. Ross-on-Wye PCCS Books. (O)(also on reserve) Program Outcomes The Doctoral design in clinical Psychology at Argosy University, Chicago Campus is an APA accredited program (APA, 750 First St. NE, Washington, DC 20002, 202-336-5500). This program is designed to educate and train students so that they may eventually be able to function effectively as clinical psychologists. To ensure that students are prepared adequately, the curriculum provides for the meaningful integration of heory, training and practice. The Clinical Psychology program at Argosy University Chicago Campus emphasizes the development of attitudes, knowledge, and skills essential in the formation of professional psychologists who are committed to the ethical provision of quality services. unique(predicate) objectives of the program include the following Goal 1 Prepare professional psychologists to accurately, effectively, an d ethically select, administer, score, interpret, and communicate findings of appropriate sound judgement methods informed by accepted psychometric standards and sensitive to the diverse characteristics and needs of clients. OBJECTIVE 1A ACCURATELY AND ETHICALLY ADMINISTER AND SCORE VARIOUS PSYCHODIAGNOSTIC INSTRUMENTS. o Objective 1b Accurately interpret and synthesize assessment data in the context of diversity factors, referral questions, and specific objectives of the assessment, and organize and communicate results in writing and orally. o Objective 1c Examine psychometric properties of psychological assessment instruments, and use that knowledge to evaluate, select, administer, and interpret psychological tests and measures appropriate for the client, the referral question, and the objectives of the assessment. Goal 2 Prepare professional psychologists to select, implement, and evaluate psychological interventions consistent with current ethical, evidence-based, and professio nal standards, within a theoretical framework, and with sensitivity to the interpersonal processes of the therapeutic relationship and the diverse characteristics and needs of clients. o Objective 2a Synthesize the foundations of clinical psychology, including psychopathology, human development, diagnosis, diversity, ethics, and various therapeutic models in clinical applications. Objective 2b Select, plan, and implement ethical and evidence-based interventions with sensitivity to the diverse characteristics and needs of clients. o Objective 2c Demonstrate knowledge, skills, and attitudes to effectively implement and participate in psychological consultation and supervision. Objective 2d Demonstrate personal development and self-reflective capacity, including growth of interpersonal skills, and therapeutic relationships. Goal 3 Prepare professional psychologists to try out the complexity and multidimensionality of human diversity, and emonstrate the knowledge, skills, and attitude s necessary to understand diverse worldviews and the potential meaning of social, cultural, and individual differences for professional psychological services. Goal 4 Prepare professional psychologists to take the historical context and the current consistency of knowledge of biological, cognitive, affective, developmental, and social bases of human functioning. Goal 5 Prepare professional psychologists to critically evaluate the current and evolving body of scholarly literature in psychology to inform professional practice. Disability StatementIt is the policy of the Argosy University/Chicago to make reasonable accommodations for qualified students with disabilities, in accordance with the Americans with Disabilities arrange (ADA). If a student with disabilities needs accommodations to complete the instructors course requirements, the student must notify the Director of Student Services. Procedure for documenting student baulk and the development of reasonable accommodation w ill be provided to students upon request. Students will be notified by the Director of Student Services when each request for accommodation is canonic or denied in writing via a designated form.It is the students responsibility to present the form (at his or her discretion) to the instructor in order to receive the pass along accommodations in class. In an effort to protect student privacy, Student Services will not discuss the accommodation needs of any student with instructors. Instructors none If you choose not to disclose that you have a disability which affects your academician or clinical performance, then you are taking full responsibility for any related consequences which may occur.I cannot accommodate what I dont know about. You need not disclose the diagnosis or the disposition of the disability itself, you need only bring me your accommodation letter. Disclosing a disability after an assignment is due is too late to be helpful for that assignment although accommodat ions can be made from that point forward. Academic dishonesty/plagiarism statement The University seeks to foster a spirit of honesty and integrity. Any work submitted by a student must represent original work produced by that student.Any source used by a student must be documented through normal scholarly references and citations, and the extent to which any sources have been used must be apparent to the reader. The University further considers resubmission of a work produced for one course in a subsequent course or the submission of work done partially or entirely by another to be academic dishonesty. It is the students responsibility to seek clarification from the course instructor about how much help may be received in complementary an assignment or exam or project and what sources may be used.Students found guilty of academic dishonesty or plagiarism shall be theatre of operations to disciplinary action up to and including dismissal from the University. Technology Statement T he University encourages the use of technology throughout the curriculum. This course uses methods such as email communication, videotapes and online syllabus and assignments. conserve this syllabus Retain a copy of the syllabus as documentation of coursework that might be needed for licensure. This page is to be turned in to your instructor. It will be held by your instructor until after the grade appeal time allotment.PP8203 Practicum Seminar III Fall 2007 I, ____________________________________, have read this syllabus and understand the course requirements. visit _____________________________________ Note many of these readings can be found online or will be on reserve in the library. You are only required to obtain the books listed at the top of the syllabus. Recommended Readings Asay T. P. , & Lambert M. J. (1999). The empirical case for the common factors in therapy Quantitative findings. In M. A. Hubble, B. L. Duncan, & S. D. Miller (Eds. ), The heart and soul of change Wh at works in therapy (pp. 3-55). Washington, DC American Psychological Association. Bohart, A. C. (2004). How do clients make empathy work? Person-Centered and Experiential Psychotherapies, 3(2), 102-116. Bozarth, J. D. (1998). Person-centered therapy A revolutionary paradigm. Ross on Wye, UK PCCS Books. (On reserve) Brodley, B. T. (1999b). A client-centered demonstration in Hungary. In I. Fairhurst, Women penning in the Person-Centered Approach, (pp. 85-92). Ross-on-Wye, UK PCCS Books. Brodley, B. T. (1997). The nondirective attitude in client-centered therapy. Person-Centered Journal, 4(1), 18-30. Brodley, B. T. 1999a). Reasons for responses expressing the therapists frame of reference in client-centered therapy. Person-Centered Journal, 6(1), 427. Brodley, B. T. (2000). Client-centered An expressive therapy. In J. Marques-Teixeira & S. Antunes (Eds. ), Client centered and experiential psychotherapy (pp. 133-147). Linda a Velha, Portugal Vale & Vale. Brodley, B. T. (2001). Congrue nce and its relation to communication in client-centered therapy. In G. Wyatt (Ed. ) Rogers Therapeutic Conditions Evolution, Theory and Practice, Volume I Congruence. (pp. 55-78) Ross-on-Wye, UK PCCS Books. Eells, T. D. 2007) Handbook of psychotherapy case formulation. New York Guilford. Elliott, R. (2002). The effectiveness of humanistic therapies A meta-analysis. In D. J. Cain & J. Seeman (Eds. ). Humanistic Psychotherapies Handbook of Research and Practice (pp. 57-81). Washington, D. C. American Psychological Association. Kirschenbaum, H. , & Henderson, V. L. (Eds. ) (1989). The Carl Rogers Reader. Boston Houghton Mifflin. Kirschenbaum, H. , & Jourdan, A. (2005). The current status of Carl Rogers and the Person-Centered Approach. Psychotherapy Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 42 (1), pp. 37-51. Lambert, M. J. Ed. ). (2004). Bergin and Garfields handbook of psychotherapy and behavior change (5th Ed. ). New York Wiley. Lietaer, G. , Rombauts, J. , & Van Balen, R. (1990). Cli ent centered and experiential psychotherapy in the nineties. Leuven, Belgium Leuven University Press. Luborsky, L. , Singer, B. & Luborsky, L. (1975). Comparative studies of psychotherapies Is it true that everyone has win and all must have prizes? Archives of General Psychiatry, 32, 995-1008. Mearns, D. (2003). Problem-centered is not person-centered. Person-Centered and Experiential Psychotherapies, 3(2), 88-101. Mier, S. & Witty, M. (2004).Considerations of race and culture in the practice of non-directive client-centered therapy. In R. Moodley, C. Lago, & A. Talahite (Eds. ), Carl Rogers counsels a Black client (pp. 85-104). Ross-on-Wye, UK PCCS Books. Miller, R. B. (2004). Facing human suffering Psychology and psychotherapy as moral engagement. Washington, D. C. APA. Moon, K. (2002). Nondirective client-centered work with children. In J. C. Watson, R. N. Goldman & M. S. Warner (Eds. ), Client-centered and experiential psychotherapy in the 21st century Advances in theory, rese arch and practice (pp. 485-492), Ross-on-Wye, UK PCCS Books.Moon, K. (in press). A client-centered review of Rogers with Gloria. Journal of Counseling & Development. Muran, C. (2007). Dialogues on difference Studies of diversity in the therapeutic relationship. Washington, D. C. APA. Patterson, J. , Albala, A. A. , McCahill, M. E. , & Edwards, T. M. (2006). The therapists guide to psychopharmacology Working with patients, families, and physicians to optimize care. New York Guilford. Rogers, C. R. (1951). Client-centered therapy. Boston Houghton Mifflin. Rogers, C. R. (1957). The necessary and sufficient conditions of therapeutic personality change.Journal of Consulting Psychology, 21, 95103. Rogers, C. R. (1959a). The essence of psychotherapy A client-centered view. Annals of Psychotherapy, 1, 5157. Rogers, C. R. (1959b). A theory of therapy, personality and interpersonal relationships as developed in the client-centered framework. In S. Koch (Ed. ), Psychology A study of science, Vol. 3. Formulations of the person and the social context (pp. 184 256). New York McGraw-Hill. Ryan, R. M. & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being.American Psychologist, 55 (1), 68 78. Sanders, P. (Ed. ), The tribes of the person-centred nation An introduction to the schools of therapy related to the person-centered approach. ISBN 1898059608 Available from www. pccs-books. co. uk (On reserve) Sanders, P. (Ed. ) (2003). To lead an honorable life A collection of the work of John M. Shlien. Ross-on-Wye, UK PCCS Books. Schmid, P. F. (2003). The characteristics of a person-centered approach to therapy and counseling Criteria for identity and coherence. Person-Centered and Experiential Psychotherapies, 2(2), 104-120. Sommerbeck, L. (2003).The client-centered therapist in psychiatric contexts A therapists guide to the psychiatric landscape and its inhabitants. Ross-on-Wye, UK PCCS Books. Wampold, B. E . (2006). Not a scintilla of evidence to support empirically supported treatments as more effective than other treatments. In J. C. Norcross, L. E. Beutler & R. F. Levant (Eds. ) Evidence-Based Practices in Mental health Debate and Dialogue on the Fundamental Questions (pp. 299-307). Washington, D. C. American Psychological Association. Watson, N. (1984). The empirical status of Rogerss hypotheses of the necessary and sufficient conditions for effective psychotherapy.In R. F. Levant, & J. M. Shlien (Eds), Client-centered therapy and the person-centered approach New directions in theory, research, and practice (pp. 17-40). New York Praeger. Westen, D. , Novotny, C. M. & Thompson-Brenner, H. (2004). The empirical status of empirically supported psychotherapies Assumptions, findings, and reporting in controlled clinical trials. Psychological Bulletin, 130(4), 631-663. Wilkens, P. & Bozarth, J. (2001), Unconditional positive regard Rogers therapeutic conditions Evolution, theory and p ractice. Ross-on-Wye, England PCCS books. On reserve) Witty, M. C. (2004). The difference directiveness makes The ethics and consequences of guidance in psychotherapy. The Person-Centered Journal, 11, 22-32. Zimring, F. M. (2000). Empathic understanding grows the person.. Person-Centered Journal, 7(2), 101-113. Zimring, F. M. (1995). A new explanation for the beneficial results of client centered therapy The casualty of a new paradigm. Person-Centered Journal, 2(2), 36-48. Zur, O. (2007). Boundaries in psychotherapy Ethical and clinical explorations. Washington, D. C. APA.

Black Rights †Struggle for Racial Equality in Post War America Essay

Write a full account on the struggle for racial equality in post war the States.During World War II, somewhat one million low men served in the army. They were in varied units to the white men. Riots and fights occurred when gloomy men from northern America had to face the discrimination in the s divulgeh during training. This lessoned rafts opinion of them, in a prejudice way. They were never all in allowed to join the Marines or the Air Corps, but this changed for the first time during the war due to the host needs. After the war, caustics began to challenge their status as second-class citizens. After their country fighting Nazi Germany, who killed six million Jews, and a fascist Italy, the people of America began to question the racism and many white people felt their main priority as a country should be dealing with their racial problems .to a greater extent and to a greater extent black people began moving from the south up to the more urban areas of the north subseque ntly the war. It was easier to set up pressure groups against discrimination, some composed and some violent, thanks to the large numbers in the cities. When the blacks moved to the cities, a lot of whites moved out to suburbs, leaving the blacks in the inner city. Due to everywherecrowding black ghettoes emerged, houses were in poor conditions, which also helped to highlight the unfair racial in goodice. More blacks started attending universities , improving their skills and raising the chance of jobs. When better roads and train lines were create or improved, the move from the south to cities became easier. The economy in American affected blacks greatly. During the economic boom, more blacks were employed and earned better pay. Now that blacks could earn more money their living standards increased. This led to a demand for blacks and whites to be treated more equally. The media helped. They would highlight the disadvantages for the blacks. Television was expanding, exposing di scrimination as it grew. It helped greatly to win over the support of the whites in the north.There was huge hypocrisy in the US during the cold war. The US were trying to observe the spread of communism and disagreed with it completely. They thought the communists were treating their people badly and denying them their human undecomposeds. Blacks saw the hypocrisy. They were being treated horribly while their country and government fight for rights around the world.The NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People) was a black rights group. Their aim was to defend black civil rights. It became the main opponent of the Klu Klux Klan, a white supremacist group. For decades they had been social movementing for for an end to segregation in schooltimes. They brought cases to judgeship so black students were allowed into colleges.Linda Brown was a young black girl from Topeka, Kansas. She wanted to attend a topical anaesthetic school but wasnt allowed. Because o f this she had to go to an all black school further away. The equity said segregation was legal as long as facilities were equal. The lawyer for the NAACP, Thurgood Marshall, said that segregation like this denied these black children their rights and that separate schools caused psychological damage. Thurgood Marshall and the NAACP won their case. Segregation was now ruled, by the Supreme Court, unconstitutional and therefore illegal. The schools were declared by the Court, the next year, to become desegregated. This didnt stop racism or the racist acts.A fourteen year old boy was murdered by the KKK and an all white jury plunge the murderers not guilty. People said it was a plot by the NAACP. In 1957 the governor of Arkansas tried to prevent nine black students from attending a white school in Little Rock, even though the Supreme Courts had ruled it legal. Federal troops were send in to protect the nine students so they could attend school safely and to make sure the new laws we re upheld. President Eisenhower ordered the troops to remain present at the school for the remainder of the school year.The percentage of black children who attended school with white students had raised from one to twenty per cent in around ten years. A similar fortuity happened when a young man tried to enrol for the University of Mississippi, an all white university. An angry mob and the governor of Mississippi tried to stop him. The case was brought to court by the NAACP and won the right for him to enrol. President Kennedy also sent troops in to protect the young man when he was enrolling but riots broke out ending in 375 people injured and two dead. The rest of the state universities in the south were slowly desegregated.In the north, blacks and whites attended different schools because they lived in different parts of the city or state. The laws to desegregate the schools were not just for the south. So they brought in handlersing. This meant that black children could get t he tutor to white schools that had been desegregated so there was a racial balance in the schools. A lot of northern cities resisted this court order, and some cities even fire-bombed the buses. To get around these laws, many white people sent their children to private schools. Most black children stayed in world schools due to lack of money.There wasnt just racial segregation in schools. Restaurants and buses are just a couple of the other places where racial segregation occurred. Racial segregation on public transport was enforced by the Jim Crow laws. This meant that blacks had to sit at the back of the bus, whites at the front. A black person had to give up his seat if there was no room for a white person or if a white person sat beside them. In 1955, Rosa Parks, a seamstress, from Montgomery refused to give up her seat for a white person. She politely told the bus driver she wouldnt get up. The driver called the police who then arrested her. When Rosa was due in court, the bl ack community decided they would boycott the buses on the solar day of the court case.The buses in Montgomery made most of their money from black people travelling to and from work. Word of the boycott was spread in black churches, the organisers hoped 60 per cent would boycott the buses but on the day almost 100 per cent avoided the buses. Many drove, car-pooled or walked. The boycott went on for a year, costing the bus company a lot of money. The boycott ended when the blacks made a deal to desegregate the buses. There were three parts to the deal Bus drivers moldiness treat black passengers with courtesy Segregation must end on the buses Black drivers must be employed. This began a new phase of peaceful protests. quaternary black students in North Carolina sat at the white only counter in a diner. They refused, politely and peacefully, to move until they were served. This was called a sit-in. When war cry of the sit-in got out, more and more young black students around the sout h started doing the same. By the end of the year more than 50,000 young people had succeeded in desegregating public facilities in over 100 cities in the south. When black and white civil rights activists wanted to test the desegregation laws, they decided they would travel through the south on a bus together. They were attacked, threatened and intimidated by white mobs. Robert F. Kennedy, the Attorney General, was appealed to by the activists for protection. He sent in federal marshals to enforce the law and to protect the activists. The bus journeys went on for another year, receiving national media attention.Voting for black people was very difficult and involved a lot of obstacles. There was a poll tax that if you didnt pay you couldnt vote. Many black people couldnt afford the tax leaving the majority of the voters white. This and the literacy test were some(prenominal) legal as it, technically, applied to both races. The literacy test was mainly to prevent blacks from voting also. They would be given a piece to read and if they struggled in the slightest they couldnt vote. This was unfair for the blacks as the majority of them werent as educated as the majority of the whites. Even the whites who were more illiterate than the blacks had a better chance of toss as they would be given easier pieces to read. White employers also tried to prevent blacks from voting by threatening to fire them if they voted. Only four per cent of blacks in the south were registered to vote in 1955.In the 1960s, Martin Luther King lead peaceful protests to get black voting rights. Whites in the north were impress by Kings peaceful approach. In 1963 King organised a march in Birmingham, Alabama. The blacks marched the streets day after day. Others replaced them when the marchers were arrested. Martin Luther King was even arrested. He wrote a letter from Birmingham jail which is one of the most important documents of the civil rights movement. There was widespread white suppor t for King on the north after the marches were televised showing the police using hoses, cattle prods and dogs against the peaceful marchers. The president got involved, then the violence ended and the protesters were given their demands.King delivered his famous I substantiate a dream speech at the Lincoln memorial in Washington DC, in front of over 200,000 black and white civil right supporters. A year later a new Civil Rights Act was passed. Discrimination in public facilities was banned, job discrimination was outlawed and the power of the local voter registration board was reduced, no longer preventing blacks from voting. The same year, using non-payment of the poll tax to prevent blacks from voting was outlawed. When a campaign began to get black voters to register in the south, two civil rights volunteers, one white one black, were murdered in Alabama. The governor and local police still tried to prevent black voters registering and the KKK burned down several black churches .By 1965 most of the legal barriers for black equality were gone, but a lot of people remained prejudice. Blacks were the poorest and uneducated racial group in America. A group of black rights activists didnt agree with Kings approach. Their attitude was to fight back. They wanted black advantage and wanted to use violence to get it. They were called the black panthers. They were a paramilitary force. Their leader was Huey Newton who called on them to collect weapons for protection against the white police. Theyre campaign frightened many whites but was sending the wrong idea of the black community and was probably making matters, regarding their rights and acceptance, worse.After riots had broken out in cities such(prenominal) as New York and L.A between black youths and the police, King decided to move his SCLC headquarters to Chicago to focus on the northern ghettoes. Violence levels were huge in 1966 and 1967 with 164 riots taking place in cities across northern America, leav ing 84 people dead and costing over 100 million dollars in damages.In April 1968, King was assassinated in Memphis. His death destroyed the hope for many, and the hope for resolving the racism. After his death, riots broke out in 125 cities out of sorrow and anger. A week after Kings death a Civil Rights Act was passed outlawing racial discrimination in housing.

Free Trade In Society Essay

How does the society benefit from an scrimping built on free trade where both the labor and the buyer only seek personal gain? On an economy that is built of free trade, society will run like clockwork because of the various incentives that the various sectors of the economy provide. It is human nature for individual to act upon incentives. Children are commonly disciplined by their parents with the use of incentives.It is the alike in the case of the laborer and the buyer. Both of them seek only personal gain. It is highly uncommon that all buyer or laborer will act for the greater honorable of the nation or for domain peace. They work because they want to earn a living. They want a nicer car, a bigger home, a bang-up education for their children, and a trip abroad for the summer perhaps. All their efforts are targeted to their personal goals, all of which is quantifiable in terms of money. The laborer will always look for a place where there is a higher monetary yield for a l esser amount of work. He will work harder if he knows that there is a promotion ahead. The buyer, on the other hand, will always search for a good bargain for any of his purchases. All in all, everyone wants more for their money and time. Society benefits from this system because it creates more argument in the markets of both buyers and laborers, offspringing in more options and better options for both sectors. With this equilibrium, society benefits because the economy benefits, thus increase the beat of living.If however, there is an oversupply of labor, wages will go down and unemployment will go up, distorting the balance. This is the resembling for buyers. A lack in competition will increase prices and decrease their purchasing power. It is therefore needful to maintain a good equilibrium in both labor markets and buyer markets which will result in a better economy, and which will eventually result in a higher standard of living for society.

Describe Dispositional and Situational Factors in Explaining Behavior Essay

Describe the role of noteal and dispositional factors in explaining expression Both situation and dispositional factors play a significant role in great deal explaining behavior. (in that they rent the judgment on both our actions and peoples actions. ) Attribution theory, known as how people say and explain behavior in the social world, is closely related to these two factors. People tend to put behavior depending on their roles as actors or observers, known as the actor-observer effect.Milgrams study (1963) investigated the role of situation and dispositional factors in participants explaining their own behavior. Nine out of twelve participants completed the task under the researchers authoritative guidance. The participants considered the task unethical so they attributed their negative behavior to the researchers guidance preferably of the dispositional factor, such as their personality. When people explain their own behavior, they tend to attribute it to situation factors such as the interference from the authority.Zimbardo et al (1973) conducted an experiment in Stanfords prison house to investigate the role of actor-observer effect. Participants were assigned with both the role of prisoners or the role of guards. In the experiment, both the guards and prisoners were very dedicated into their acting roles. Most of the prisoners obeyed the guards because the guards enforce violent behavior to the prisoners. It is found that the prisoners believed and attributed the guards violent behavior to the guards dispositional factor.When people observe others behavior, they usually attribute it to dispositional factor such as personality. Therefore, with the knowledge of the prison as a simulation, the prisoners still obeyed the guards like they were real guards who always acted violently. People usually attribute their behavior to situational factors when they perform the behavior. Whereas, people attribute others behavior to dispositional factor when they are the observers.

Almost One of the Gods. “The Odyssey”, by Homer Essay

An epic genius is one who does not act irrationally and contemplates his actions and their implications. Odysseus, of Homers The Odyssey, is an appropriate epic hero because he embodies the values of bravery, intelligence, astuteness, and competency. Numerous examples are found through off The Odyssey. Such illustrations include Odysseus conflict with the cyclops, the Sirens, and Scylla and Charybdis.First, Odysseus proves that he is a mortal laudable of being dubbed an epic hero during his conflict with the Cyclops. Odysseus shows evidence of his intellectual abilities by rootage devising a plan to disable the Cyclops and then by cleverly telling the Cyclops that his name is Noman. Odysseus exemplifies his physical strength by putting his plan into action and ramming a monstrous dick into the Cyclops eye. Later, when the Cyclops calls for help, he says that Noman is doing harm to him.Another level offt in which Odysseus displays his physical and intellectual abilities is during his transeunt of the Sirens. Odysseus shows that he has wisdom by listening to the goddess Circes advice and putting wax into his crews ears so they will not take notice of the Sirens and try to swim across the ocean to them. He likewise has his crew lash him to the mast so he can listen to the Sirens without being able to jump out of the boat. This incident also tells of Odysseus physical force because when he attempts to free himself from the mast the crewmen have to fasten him down even tighter.Finally, Odysseus confirms his great intellectual aptitudes by getting past Scylla and Charybdis. Odysseus, following Circes instructions, avoids Charybdis, and chooses the side of the six-headed monster, Scylla. Odysseus recognizes that the six-headed beast is too large for him to mle with and rows very swiftly, successfully surpassing it.In conclusion, Odysseus is a pure(a) example of an epic hero. Odysseus has all of the traits of an epic hero. He has verified these qualities in ma ny intricate situations in which he always gets out of and is always prepared for.

Steps to Improve Your Test-Taking Experience

When taking runnels it is re wholey important for you to know and reckon introductory, the different kinds of test questions you whitethorn encounter and second, how you can help maximize your potential of doing much remedy by knowing a few simple skills to help you arche vitrine whatever test you whitethorn be faced with. The three most common different kinds of tests include but arent limited to duplicate, octuple option and es check out tests. In the next few body paragraphs you leave learn simple skills that will help you understand how to master each test as well as other world-wide information that can assist you when taking any kind of test.During any test, first and foremost you must(prenominal) read the directions very careful. The biggest way to eliminate making careless errors is to fully understand what the questions are inquire and to follow altogether instructions. We will first discuss matching tests and the skills needed to take them. During matching po rtions of tests it is very clean for a student to become discouraged and distracted because of the level of knowledge it seems to take to make these test questions.One penny-pinching thing to remember about matching questions however is that most matching questions are usu all(prenominal)y broken up sentences, so paying close attention to grammatical clues is key. also being aware that in most cases a long question is non paired with a long purpose. In most cases if the question is long, the assist is short and vice versa. One final stabilizing hint during matching portions of tests is marking out used answers, this is helpful in eliminating redundancy unless the directions specifically say some answers may be use more(prenominal) than once.Second are multiple choice tests. six-fold choice tests are most common in college courses and require a lot of attention to understand getting a good grade. Again first, read all directions. If you are un authorized about what the tes t is asking, ask for clarification from the instructor. A good way to begin taking a multiple choice test is to read all of the questions before attempting to answer any questions. Reading through the questions once is a good way to get your mind active and ready to analyze and dissect each question. erstwhile youve read through the questions you are ready to re read the test questions and this term reading all viable answers for each question. Without reading each possible answer and choosing an answer before you know of all that are possible, you are setting yourself up to miss the opportunity to find an answer that may be better than the one youve chosen. When rereading test questions and reading all possible answers its a good confidence suspensor to mark sure thing answers first.When you are confidently answering questions you know are true, you are more likely to cast off more confidence venturing onto questions you may not be sure of yet. After youve tag all of your sur e thing answers, you may need to reread the questions and answers a second or threesome time to review of any questions you may now know the answers to now that youve cycled back once or twice. Only after youve marked all of your sure thing answers will you begin to have to visualise for clues to answer the remaining questions you are still unsure of.Paying attention to grammatical cues help in many cases as well as divided context (multiple choice questions that may require you to murder a sentence) or differing formats (multiple choice questions that may ask you to identify something that is NOT true, or questions that contain triplex negatives to confuse the test taker). In cases when you are not sure of an answer and there is an option for all of the above, it is your safest bet to chose this answer. Also when dealing with numbers, such as percentages in statistics, it is usually wise when in doubt to chose the middle term as a possible answer.If you are still unsure of your answer begin by discarding obviously wrong answers first and eliminate answers from there. The third, final and probably hardest test to master is the essay test. Reading and understanding all directions and guidelines is essential, especially in essay tests. In most cases when you first begin an essay test you have many ideas floating around including important facts and/ or possible ideas you want to express in your essay, because essay tests require your undivided attention its always a good idea to jot down potential ideas you may have so you wont forget them and your mind is bare(a) of unnecessary clutter.Its always best to start with the easiest questions first to gain momentum in your test and to chute start your creative thinking process. An important aspect of essay tests is the time limit you are given, Its easy to lose rack of time however not getting you whole essay done or expressing your important brains in your essay may be detrimental to the grade of your essay. A good way to ensure you have time to spare is pacing yourself. Another way is to disregard your introduction and/ or conclusion paragraphs a d jump right into the point(s) you are trying to make. Use solid raise to support your arguments/points and try to avoid personal opinions in you essay. In any kind of test situations, may it be from the ones reviewed above or another, some tips are helpful in every test situation. reservation sure your name is on your test may seem like a juvenile point to make but it also shouldnt be the reason for you test to be thrown out or given a failing grade.Understanding an reading all directions is a point that can never be stressed enough as well as understanding the nature of each type of question that is being asked. Starting with the easiest questions and working your way to the hardest is a good way to manage time as well as give yourself the extra boost of confidence needed to shake make the jitters during a test. Never second guess yoursel f unless you are absolutely sure your second answer is right.Many times when you second guess your first instinct it is out of fear of your test not looking right or out of test anxiety causing you to over analyze your answers. take down clarification if you are unsure about something but be sure to only ask your instructor for clarification, speaking with a classmate can be seen as cheating. Pace yourself to avoid careless mistakes and if you have extra time, use it to double check your answers. By following all of these steps you are sure to have a much more pleasant and relaxing test taking experience.

One-Dimensional Man

The introduction of Herbert Marcuses book, One-dimensional Man, shows us the bother that a democratic society creates. Though this book was written back in 1964, many goat agree that what he says is true in right aways society. Different scenarios be everywhe assert brought up to show us how things pull up stakes be affected due to the advancements of technology. Marcuse wants us to see what will detect and what has happened to society through a series of changes. Marcuse talked a lot about the necessities and luxuries of life. He c al wizarded these the true inescapably and the repressive inescapably. He makes it a point to show us that the changes in society cause us to think differently. Most people ar beginning to mistaken the true needs with the repressive needs. kinda of actually spending their money on things they need for themselves or their families, they splurge. Marcuse believes this to be due to the advancement of technology. Marcuse also believes that the me dia, in all its forms, influence what the individual believes to be true needs. Through social media, we are convert that we must have something, therefore we go out and get what we want.All of the advertisements that you see are purposely real so that you would want the product. With this the individual is blinded by what is truly requisite and what is wanted. Marcuse compares this kind of behavior to a disease. He states that the individual indulges on these products so that they may satisfy their happiness within. But Marcuse says that this happiness is not a condition which has to be maintained (5). Instead, it is temporary and will go away once this someone has satisfied their need. Then what is left is euphoria in unhappiness (5).Marcuse believes that an individual indulges in these repressive needs because they want equality. Buying these products give them a sense of equality to others in society. Marcuse believes that they are blinded by these products so much that the y dont even care about true needs anymore. They would sooner have a big screen TV desire their boss has rather than having health insurance. Marcuse says dope production and mass distribution claim the entire individual, and industrial psychology has long since ceased to be jailed to the factory (10).Anything that can be found within a household is mass produced. Most of which are machines that are used to help make e trulyday life easier. Society has become so modify to having certain gadgets around that some people dont even know how to perform dim-witted tasks. Being fit to mass produce an item is good in itself, but being able-bodied to distribute that product to an entire nation or even several nations is something else. This creates the potential of having the entire institution depending on one company for a relegateicular product. Technology has become just another part of everyones life.Technology is constantly advancing and new products are always invented to help the daily routine of life, easier. roughly examples of how certain inventions make life easier are the car, computer and internet. Being able to travel twice the outer space in half the time makes the task of going to work and tending to your family much easier. Being able to send someone a document with a click of the mouse or even retentivity in touch with family or friends that spirited far away. Since the workforce mainly consists of machines creating everything, people have begun to capture things to do with their free time.Having actual free time to do things with the family or friends or even oneself is get-go to become common according to Marcuse. Marcuse clearly states that technology has taken over the entire work force. Marcuse states The very structure of human existence would be altered the individual would be liberated from the work gentlemans gentlemans. (2). By this he wants us to realize that humans will soon be replaced by technology. There would be no nee d for people to be around factories anymore because everything can be done much faster and much more in effect(p) with machines.This is the type of society that we are charge into. This is all due to the people that own these factories. The uses of machines have proven to be much more efficient and much more productive. Humans just cant perform certain tasks that are needed to mass produce products. They just may be able to but the quality of the work wouldnt compare to that of a machines work. Today political power asserts itself through its power over machine process and over the technical organization. (3). We can all agree that this statement quiesce holds true today.The executive decisions, which are make in todays society, are all made by those who own major companies or corporations. They have the most power because they have the most money. Their factories are mainly machines that create their product. Though they still require some manpower to run their system, they mai nly rely on their machines, These select few people utilize the full potential use of technical, scientific and mechanised productivity (3). Marcuse makes a good point in saying economic liberty would mean freedom from the economy (4).Those who have utilized the full potential of machines have already found their freedom from the economy. Everyone else is seek to earn freedom from the economy, making just enough money to support their families. We know these people as the middle class or the working class. Their jobs give them a decent amount of money to be intimate comfortable lives. In this passage, Marcuse talks about how liberty can become something that is used for controlling the masses. The index to be able to elect ones leader doesnt necessarily mean that the government isnt in control.The government is always going to have some type of influence on everything that is put on the media. For example, if the government isnt influencing the media, why is there censorship? The truth is that the government controls most aspects of our life. Marcuse argues that the right of freedom of speech is good yet it also creates the right for censorship. Marcuse believes that the purpose of technology is to help us live easier lives. Assisting us with jobs that humans just dont have the strength for should be the true bearing of a machine. A machine is supposed to take the job of several humans.It is there to perform tasks that a normal human does not have the strength or ability to do. Instead, the capitalist government is using machines to increase their power and wealth. Instead of using technology advances as something to help the people, they instead use it to repress the people with weapons and propaganda. Being able to determine ones leader may sound like an ideal but Marcuse may disagree. He states that this system is not perfect. The idea of having a free distribute system allows the government to publish people with trade sanctions.Going between cou ntries would require one to meet all of these rules in order to proceed with the transaction. Sanctions for one country may be completely different from a neighboring country. These sanctions would not have existed before but must still be enforced. Even though this was written back in the mid 1960s, we can see that some of what Marcuse says is true in todays society. Though the change process was gradual, there were still significant changes that we can see. The advancement in technology is one key factor in the gradual changes that we see.Everything has technology integrated into it in one way or another. Because of this people began to lose sight of what was truly needed in life to rifle and live. Instead, people have been blinded by things that they want and work until they have actually gotten what they wanted. They have federal official their hunger for materialistic things for the time being but will soon realize that this hunger will eventually fade away. The government als o influences the society through media. Censorship is a method in which the government influences the media.

Joint Functions Commander's Planning Guidance Coursework

Joint Functions Commanders Planning Guidance - Coursework mannikinCFLCC units willing be prepared for vicissitude to Phase II (Seize the Initiative) operations should sequential FDOs fail to bar an attack by Ahurastan (AH) into Azerbaijan (AZ). The CFLCC command staffs problem frame has identified two areas of concern. The startle is that the commander has identified the mobility corridor vicinity of GANJA (KIROVABAD) as decisive terrain in CFLCCs movement from capital of Georgia to the KURA River basin. This mobility corridor is canalized by urban terrain in the north and mountainous terrain in the south. The CFLCC command believes that failure to control this mobility corridor will significantly impede the success of IAW EUCOM CONPLAN 4567-15. e.The second area of concern is that AH may attack before JTF-CASPIAN has to the full deployed. The CFLCC command has analyzed this ECOA, and their worst case assessment is that the ADF brigades deployed along the AZ border may just be able to delay AH ground forces 24-48 hours. Because of the accelerated timeline, there will be limited JTF-CASPIAN forces on hand(predicate) to support this contingency mission.OPERATIONS PURPOSE Prevent Ahurastan forces from controlling the mobility corridor from the vicinity of GANJA (KIROVABAD) to capital of Azerbaijan utilizing a THREE PHASE OPLAN,. AH Capstone mission is the isolation of BAKU IOT leading to a political settlement that will recognize AHs oil claims in the region.Phase I DETER- Pre-conflict preparation and transition to war M-day to D-day. Provide aggressive reconnaissance and presence within the GANJA (KIROVABAD) to BAKU Area of operations (AO). Coalesce and integrate combined battle plan and order of engagement with all allied forces AZ. capture pre-emptive Phase II (Seize) deployment of forces into staging areas.Phase II-SEIZE- Initial transition to war. D-day to OPLAN Day 4. Commence interdiction attacks with long-range fires and attack aviation forward of PL BLACK to disrupt lead tactical

Islamic politics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Islamic politics - Essay ExampleThrough the discourse of IMAM Dr. Abdul Jalil Sajid via the written work Islam and Ethics of War and Peace, the political theory of Islam on justice, war, and peace is based on the core teaching of Quran stating The aim of war according to the Quran is not to propagate or spread Islam, nor is it to open the territory of the Islamic State or dominate, politically or militarily, non-Muslim regions. In order to gain deeper perceptivity on war and peace under the context of Islamic principles, it would be useful to investigate with the experimental findings of Jeff Haynes in view of phantasmal fundamentalism, the article Understanding Islam, S.P. Huntington on the clash of civilizations, as well as the report made by Diane Sawyer.Besides the conventional notion that religious fundamentalism pertains to a religious military campaign whose militant characteristic is justified by stiff adherence to fundamental principles, Jeff Haynes modifies the basic definition by critiquing that contemporary religious fundamentalism emerges out of the failed promise of modernity and necessarily refutes the negative impact of modernisation upon good development. According to Haynes, the religious militancy in fundamentalism is chiefly brought about by the general decline of the social salience of religion due to rapid cultural and economic changes particularly since the World War II. Normally, religious authorities are ideally expected to intervene in state affairs when advancing political interests so that the goals set herein can be directed to coincide with the public good or applied to satisfy the needs and desires of the majority. This way, religion serves to oppose secularism and mediate between the government and the people in order to ensure that the concerns of the latter are met within the constitutional framework and may be mum the principal grounds behind the 9-11 incident of 2001.Muslims are typically found in the state of

Critical Thinking 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Critical Thinking 2 - Essay ExampleManaging earnings is a comm altogether use strategy that bears many controversies on moral grounds. As matter of fact, managers differ on whether the act is estimable or wrong and only used as the last resort.Managing earnings barely refers to transferring earnings of ane period and reporting them in a different period. For that reason, the actions results to nominal rather than real positive benefits. Remarkably, managers only use it lure a positive report as per the specified period. Therefore, managing of earnings is totally unethical as it manipulates the information that the reports provides. Managers understand this fact and thus consider manipulating earnings as only a short-term strategy with majority expecting an advanced long-term consequence.Neither the law nor GAAPs find managing earnings as an inappropriate measure and thus the decision on whether to use it or not is solemnly make by the managers. Literally it happens that every mana ger has used any of the earning managing options at a time. though handling of operation expenses seems to a best measure, especially when used to reduce earnings, as argued by managers, all measures engage one limitation in common. They favour the current report by hiding or misinterpreting life-or-death information necessary for mutual correlation of all stakeholders (Ketz,2006). Worse though, these stakeholders are the victims of any misfortunes accruing from the manipulation process. I that perspective, manipulation become unethical as it serves the needs of the manager at the expense of other stakeholders. Though a perfect short term solution adjustable in the long-run, that maybe in business enterprise with organisations, the fact that managers are short lived in the organisation as compared to stakeholders, creates some sense of the dilemma address in the agency theory.